D’une seule radio étatique, il a fallu attendre 1991 pour voir des radios privées émettre au Mali. Aujourd’hui le paysage radiophonique compte plus de 500 stations FM. La radio, media de la voix par excellence, a su se développer, se maintenir pour être un outil majeur de la communication au Mali.
Tout a commencé avec radio Dakar, qui émettait du temps de la fédération du Mali avec le Sénégal. Le 1er juin 1957 est née la Radio Soudan sous la responsabilité du premier Président du Mali, Modibo Kéita, alors maire de Bamako qui a procédé à son inauguration.
Après l’indépendance en 1960, Radio Soudan devient la Radio nationale du Mali communément appelée (Radio-Mali). De 1957 à nos jours, la radio a connu une histoire riche et tumultueuse en événements, en hommes qui y ont travaillé. Siratigui Traoré est un ancien à la direction de la radio nationale. « A l’époque Modibo Kéita a ordonné de faire payer à toutes les personnes imposables la somme de 400 f pour pouvoir construire la radio Mali. Les travaux ont commencé fin 1960 début 19961 pour s’achever en juillet 19962», explique-t-il. Selon Siratigui Traoré, la radio a été « un instrument de vulgarisation de la politique nationale et aussi de la politique agraire du Mali».
Création de la première radio non étatique
Il a fallu attendre plus de deux décennies pour voir émerger une autre station de radio au Mali. En 1988, à Kayes dans l’ouest du Mali, la première radio non-étatique du pays s’installe. Son non, la Radio Rurale de Kayes. Le régime d’alors accepte exceptionnellement que cette station émette en FM.
Sa cible, les populations rurales dans le contexte d’un programme de développement de la zone porté par la coopération italienne. «Cette coopération italienne voulu faire un don à l’état malien pour accompagner les populations paysannes dans leur développement économique et culturel», explique Fily Keïta, premier directeur de la radio rurale.
Mr Kéita affirme que : ‘‘pendant cette période, l’état n’était en mesure de satisfaire tous les besoins d’information des populations. Donc des italiens, peut être il y’ avait des arrières pensées c’était d’accompagner l’éclosion de la démocratie en Afrique. Mais ce qui a été expliqué au gouvernement au grand jour, c’était de permettre aux populations de se prendre en charge’’.
La radio après la fin du régime militaire
Après la chute du régime de Moussa Traoré en 1991, le Mali a vu l’émergence d’une dizaine de radios privées. La première est Radio Bamakan, apparue sur la bande FM le 13 Septembre 1991. On estime ainsi que dès 1994, près de 90% de la population Malienne tient son information de la radio, selon un récit de l’écrivain Jean Tudesq apparu en 2002. Les radios ont continué à se développer sur l’ensemble du territoire et on compte aujourd’hui plus de 500radios au Mali.
Source » Studio Tamani
Last Updated on 14/02/2024 by Ousmane BALLO
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