Le cancer du sein est un fléau qui touche énormément de femmes dans le monde et au Mali en particulier. Cette maladie est plutôt mal comprise, surtout pour les femmes qui subissent des amputations mammaires. Elles sont stigmatisées à cause des superstitions qui font partie de la vie courante des Maliens. Afin de mieux comprendre cette pathologie, le Dr Oumar Lame de la clinique Djigui Fâ’ sise à Djalakorodji nous éclaire sur le sujet.
Selon les explications recueillis auprès de lui, le cancer du sein prend naissance dans les cellules du sein par une tumeur cancéreuse (maligne), un groupe de cellules cancéreuses susceptible d’envahir les tissus voisins et les détruire, avec la possibilité d’extension à d’autres parties du corps par métastase. La pathologie, poursuit notre interlocuteur, peut atteindre les femmes de tous âges à partir de la puberté, même si les risques de contracter la maladie croît à mesure qu’elles avancent en âge. C’est ainsi qu’une étude de l’OMS, en 2022, estime à 2,3 millions les cas de cancer féminins dont 670 000 décès causés par les tumeurs mammaires à travers le monde. Quant au Mali, le dernier recensement de 2020 fait état d’environ 14 000 nouveaux cas de cancer recensés, dont près de 4 400 cas de cancer du sein et du col de l’utérus, selon l’Agence internationale de recherche contre le cancer. Des études ont prouvé que le cancer du sein n’est pas une maladie qui touche uniquement les femmes, les hommes aussi peuvent le contracter. Sauf que le taux de cancer du sein chez l’homme est de 0.5 à 1%, selon l’OMS.
Selon le Dr Lâme, les facteurs à risque qui facilitent le développement du cancer sont nombreux et diverses. On y dénombre entre autres «les antécédents familiaux de cancer du sein, l’âge (risque élevé à plus de 40 ans), le tabagisme, l’abus d’alcool, un traitement hormonal post ménopause, l’obésité, une exposition aux radiations et les antécédents gynécologiques (la première grossesse et l’âge au moment des premières règles)» a-t-il expliqué.
Malgré la sensibilisation sur cette pathologie, les femmes ont tendance, déplore-t-il, à ignorer ou ne comprennent pas les symptômes liés à la maladie. Dans la plupart des cas, elles disent avoir des réticences de découvrir qu’elles sont atteintes du cancer du sein, par peur d’une ablation de cet organe. Or, poursuit-il, «si la maladie est détectée à temps, elles peuvent être soignées sans problème. Et d’en déduire que le dépistage demeure le moyen le plus efficace de faire face à la maladie.
Le cancer du sein est asymptomatique chez la plupart des malades. Il peut néanmoins provoquer une association de différents symptômes, dont une modification de l’apparence du mamelon ou de la peau qui l’entoure (aréole), une masse ou un épaississement dans le sein, souvent indolore, un écoulement mamelonnaire anormal ou sanglant, un changement de la taille, de la forme ou de l’apparence du sein, etc.
Néanmoins, tous les cas de masse anormale dans les seins ne sont pas cancéreux, quoiqu’il soit conseillé de consulter un médecin.
Par conséquent, le Dr Oumar Lâme a, à titre de prévention, prescrit une alimentation diversifiée et équilibrée, la surveillance de son poids, la protection contre le soleil et les rayons ultraviolets (UV), une activité physique régulière ou encore la modération dans la consommation d’alcool et de tabac.
Quant aux prescriptions curatives du cancer du sein, elles sont plus efficaces et mieux tolérantes, insiste-t-il, lorsqu’ils sont commencés tôt et suivis jusqu’au bout. Divers traitements sont d’usage et associés afin de réduire les risques de récidive. Il s’agit de la radiothérapie pour réduire le risque de récidive dans le sein et les tissus environnants, la chirurgie pour éliminer la tumeur, des médicaments pour tuer les cellules cancéreuses et éviter leur propagation, les thérapies hormonales, chimiothérapie ou thérapies biologiques ciblées notamment.
Aly Poudiougou
Source : Le Témoin
Last Updated on 12/11/2024 by Ousmane BALLO
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